選字 Word Choice
 
 
自學報在介紹過中式英文、句子結構後,回到更基本的單元-字詞(選字、用法、冠詞、詞性、單複數、介系詞等),本期先由「選字」開始。

字是英語的一個基本單元,選字用詞正確也是我們使用英文隨時要注意的問題。在寫作文時,選字是否正確,牽涉到以下幾個層面:
 

1) 文字脈絡組合(collocation):英文字的含意和字句組合方式和中文不一樣。學習單字時,不應只背中文意義;要連字的用法(或片語)一起記。(亦見「中式英文」單元)
 

2) 字辨:英文字有一些意義上比較複雜,或是容易和類似字產生混淆。
 

3) 修辭:英語一般修辭原則是具體、簡潔有力;因此,一般原則是取動作動詞而捨動名詞;形容時用描寫具體細節而不用抽象形容詞(strong verbs, precise nouns, and interesting adjectives and concrete detail);避免贅詞、重複和陳腔濫調。(請見「變換句型」單元和之後推出的「贅詞」、「重複」等單元)

相關網站(字典除外):
 

字詞組合
http://dfll.fudan.edu.cn/College%20English/DocFile/Third/new/0309-0401/Students'%20Corner/Collocation.ppt

 

試題
http://esl.about.com/b/a/038685.htm

 

字辨:英語練功室
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/etc/quiz/selfstudy.htm

American Heritage
http://www.bartleby.com/64/3.html

 

試題:ESL Quiz
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/mc-wordchoice.html

 

修辭原則
UNC Handout
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/word_choice.html

U of C
http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/writing/IV_2.htm

Interesting Words

http://www.edina.k12.mn.us/concord/teacherlinks/sixtraits/interestingwords.htm
)
 

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  提供者:陳奏賢、宋怡緻
  相關網址:http://ce.etweb.fju.edu.tw/self_learning/writing/errors.htm
 
1) 文字脈絡組合(collocation)── 「打開」什麼?
 
Could you please open the television for me?
Could you please turn on the television for me?
說明︰ 1. 中文的「打開」在英文不同脈絡下,會對應不同的字詞。
2. 打開(關掉)電視、電腦(電器) — turn on/off the TV (computer, the light) 或 switch on/off;
3. 打開箱子、檔案、信-- open the box, file, letter, door. (更具體的動作:retrieve the file; tear open the letter, unfold the letter, answer the door.)
範例︰ Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, and half shut afterwards.
-- Benjamin Franklin
 
文字脈絡組合(collocation)── 「做」什麼?
Make and Do
 
My hair is messy; I want to get my hair made at a beauty salon.
My hair is messy; I want to get my hair done at a beauty salon.
說明︰ 1. Do --
做事、談生意 do some serious (lousy) work; do business (with somebody)
作家事:do the cleaning and the cooking, do the housework, do the laundry, the washing-up
2. Do 的片語:
造成損害 do a lot of damage (to something); do a lot of harm rather than good
做頭髮,修牙齒 do one's hair or one's teeth
幫忙: do (somebody) a favour
3. make (中文沒有「做」的字眼):
演講、聲明 make an announcement or a speech
申請 make an application (e.g. for a driving test)
發聲 make a sound or a noise
搞亂、發財 make a mess, a profit or a fortune
取笑 make fun of someone or a fool of someone
改正 make amends for one's behaviour
給很持續的印象 make a lasting impression (on someone)
(*不是give me a lasting impression!)
範例︰ Make love, not war.