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Now I
want to tell you about what one company found when it decided
that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of
people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects
and getting the work done. After about six months, the company
took a look at how well the teams performed.
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On
virtually every team, some members got almost a
"free ride"
... they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a
good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the
team got. And what about group members who worked especially
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well
and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues?
Well...the recognition for a job well done went to the group as
a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn
that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about
the group process,
their attitude
was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.
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Another
finding was that some projects just didn't move
very quickly.
Why? Because
it took so long
to reach consensus...it took many, many meetings to
build the agreement among group members about how they would
move the project along. On the other hand, there were
other instances
where one or two people managed to become very influential over
what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said,
"That will never work!" about an idea the group was developing,
the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed.
And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers
convinced the group that a plan of theirs was "highly creative.¨
And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group
that the project was moving in directions that might not work,
they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you
guess the ending to "this" story?
When the project
failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.
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1. |
the best way to approach certain
new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team |
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［本文主旨］：團隊合作為執行計畫的最佳方式。 |
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2. |
a group of people has a wider
range of knowledge, expertishe, and skills |
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［優點1］：團體較個人具備更多資源,
如:
knowledge, expertise, skills. |
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3. |
a group can work more quickly in
response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly
creative solutions to problems and issues |
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［優點2］：團體的決策速度較個人快，決策也較有創意。 |
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4. |
a group is more likely to make
risky decisions |
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［優點3］：責任分攤的結果，使得團體的決策較為大膽。 |
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5. |
Taking part in a group process
can be very rewarding for members of the team |
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［本段主旨，也是優點4，但可分為2小點］：團隊合作較易獲得成就感。 |
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6. |
feel better about carrying out
the work |
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［小點1］：團隊決策相對於聽命上級指示較具自主性。 |
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7. |
a
team''s overall results can be more far-reaching and have
greater impact |
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［小點2］：團隊合作的影響力較個人顯著，團員亦不失嶄露頭角的機會。 |
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8. |
"free ride" |
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[差異1]：
關鍵字free
ride，團體分工不均。 |
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9. |
their attitude was just the
opposite of what the reading predicts. |
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［差異1的結果］：強調free
ride
的結果，和閱讀所預期的結果不同。 |
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10. |
other instances |
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［原因/舉証2］：僅以團隊中少數人的意見為主。 |
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11. |
that some projects just didn''t move very quickly |
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［差異2］：速度不如預期. |
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12. |
it took so long to reach consensus |
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［原因/舉証1］：人多嘴雜難達成共識。 |
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13. |
When the project failed, the blame was placed on
all the members of the group. |
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［差異2的結果］：少數人出包，責任團隊一起擔。 |
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14. |
more far-reaching |
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［小點2］：團隊合作的影響力較個人顯著，團員亦不失嶄露頭角的機會。 |
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15. |
very quickly |
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［差異2］：速度不如預期. |
