托福iBT整合題型範例解說

托福iBT整合題型範例解說<下>

題目與答案出處︰http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/ibt_writing_sample_responses.pdf
解說︰宋怡緻 Evelyn Sung
輔仁大學卓越線上英語自學中心

Ｃ。Writing

Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.

作答時間20分鐘，文長150~225為佳。切題、文字流暢、閱讀和聽力部份的論點陳述、論點間的起承轉合等皆列入評分標準。

D。解答範例

五級分範例一 (有[主旨句]，缺［結論］)（加紅色為錯字或文法有誤，加底線者為可學習字彙，反黃色為可學習句法。點文句注釋可見全文分析。﹚

The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened for real.

First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nontheless. This also indicates that people who worked hard was not given recognition they should have got. In other words, they weren't given the oppotunity to "shine.” This derectly contradicts what the passage indicates.

Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are nore responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in dicision making. Groups needed more time for meetings, which are neccesary procceedures in

decision making. This was another part where experience contradicted theory.

Third, influetial people might emerge, and lead the group towards glory or failure. If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might be less flexible in thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed.

E。解答總評：

本範例雖出現許多打字上的錯誤(見紅色的部份)，但閱讀和聽力部份的重點，如：團體決策的速度、團體中的分工等，掌握得很好。最後一段第一個influential是很明顯的拼字錯誤，但之後在句子中出現的influential都拼對了。整體言之，本範例雖出現拼字、打字等錯誤，但由於要點掌握的恰到好處，可列入五級分的文章（但非首選）。

F。解答文句註釋

1.	He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened for real.
	［主旨句］：首段直接表明本文主旨-->閱讀和聽力間論點的差異
2.	some members got free rides
	［段落主題句］：點明本段討論的重點
3.	contradicts what the passage indicates.
	［強調／總結］：段落結束前總結強調閱讀的和聽力部份的差異.
4.	groups were slow in progress
	［段落主題句］：點明本段討論重點，之後各舉正反例強調理論和調查的差距。
5.	The passage
	［正例］：理論顯示團隊合作享有較多資源。
6.	This was another part where experience contradicted theory.
	［強調／總結］：舉証完畢、段落結束前總結強調閱讀和聽力說法的差異。
7.	influetial people might emerge, and lead the group towards glory or failure
	［段落主題句］：點明本段重點
8.	people might emerge, and lead the group towards glory or failure
	［段落主題句］：點明本段重點
9.	in the right direction
	[正例]
10.	in the wrong direction
	［反例］
11.	one-sided, and thus fail to succeed.
	［總結］
12.	group tends to have a greater resource of skills and expertises, these resources may not necessarily be effefectively used
	［段落主題句］
13.	on the contrary of the reading
	點明閱讀和聽力部分的關係
14.	progress in the project was very slow.
	［段落主題句］
15.	as a group would be credited collectively, quite a number of unfair situations appeared
	［段落主題句］
16.	doubt was expressed
	本段開頭雖無明顯的［段落主題句］，但doubt 點明閱讀和聽力部份的關係。
17.	the lecturer projected doubts that contradicted with the central standpoint of the reading
	［主旨句］：本範例較上一個範例多了［結論］，並在結論的部份重申全文主旨，結構上比較完整，可惜首段起頭缺乏［主旨句］。
18.	That is,
	［說明］：that is 之後再仔細說明。

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